The course begins by introducing the fundamental problem of scarcity and the concept of choice. Students learn how limited resources and unlimited wants lead to decision-making processes at both individual and societal levels. Concepts such as opportunity cost, trade-offs, and economic efficiency are explored to help students understand the reasoning behind everyday economic decisions.

A major focus of the course is on consumer behavior. Students examine how individuals make purchasing decisions based on factors such as income, preferences, prices, and market trends. The law of demand, elasticity of demand, and consumer equilibrium are discussed in an applied manner, allowing students to relate these concepts to real-world scenarios like pricing strategies and market fluctuations.

The course also explores the role of producers and firms in the economy. Students learn about production processes, cost structures, revenue generation, and profit maximization. Practical applications include understanding how businesses decide what to produce, how much to produce, and at what price to sell their products. Concepts such as supply, market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly), and pricing strategies are examined with real-life examples.

Another important component is the study of markets and how they function. Students analyze how demand and supply interact to determine prices and quantities in different markets. They also explore how government intervention, through policies such as taxes, subsidies, and price controls, affects market outcomes and economic welfare.